Caring for your Tortoise

Outdoor

Whenever warmer weather allows, many tortoise species can live in secure outdoor enclosures that provide natural sunlight and opportunities to graze. Outdoor pens need escape-proof fencing that goes below ground level; sunny, shaded and sheltered areas; and fresh water that is available all the time.

Indoor

When housed indoors, Tortoises need a spacious enclosure with adequate ventilation, hiding places and fresh water available at all times. A shallow water dish is the most suitable.

Tortoises are ectothermic animals and rely on external heat sources to regulate their body temperature. UVB lighting is essential for calcium metabolism and healthy bone development. UVB lights need to be replaced regularly according to the manufacturers’ recommendations.

Tortoises need a basking area at the appropriate temperature for the species, and cooler areas. Ideally at least two hides in the enclosure, one on the warm side and one on the cold side, so the tortoise can regulate its temperature.

To pick the right bedding, consider your tortoise's specific natural habitat and needs. Generally, a 50/50 mix of organic topsoil and coco coir is ideal. It holds moisture for burrowing and is safe if ingested. Other choices include fine-grade orchid bark (fir) and pre-mixed tortoise soils.

Avoid sand, newspaper, wood shavings (pine or cedar) and gravel/pebbles. All of these can be dangerous when eaten, toxic, or prevent natural digging behaviours.

Spot clean the enclosure daily, removing soiled bedding, uneaten food and droppings. Clean the entire enclosure every 3 to 4 weeks or more frequently if needed.

Most commonly kept tortoise species are herbivores and require a diet rich in fibre and calcium. Commercial tortoise diets are available but they usually need to be supplemented with fresh foods such as dandelion leaves, rocket, pea shoots and the occasional vegetable such as cucumber, cauliflower including the leaves, and carrot. Some fruit and vegetables are toxic so always check they are safe first.

Although tortoises are adapted to dry environments, they still require access to fresh drinking water at all times. Young tortoises can benefit from regular shallow soaks, as this can help maintain hydration and support healthy urinary and bowel function.

Though not all tortoise species naturally hibernate, hibernation is a natural part of many tortoises’ annual cycle. During hibernation, a tortoise's metabolism slows significantly, allowing it to conserve energy during colder months when food is scarce.

Hibernation can carry risks if your tortoise is not healthy and only healthy well-nourished tortoises should be allowed to hibernate. If you have any concerns about hibernation please give the surgery a call.